Cotton-spinning.



A. J. RICHARDS & P. J. HINDS.

COTTON SPINNING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2, 1911.

1,031,8?1., Patented July 9,1912.

WITNESSES: I [N VENTOR-S dZrZ/zzzr TX RZZ'MMY Mfiw 6i 2. (6w

A Time/v51.

ARTHUR J. RICHARDS AND PETER J. KINDS, OF HOLYOKE'MASSACHUSETTS.

COTTON-SPINNING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July9, 19-12.,

Application filed August 2,1911. serial No. 641,939.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, ARTHUR J. Bron- ARDS and PETER J. Hrnns, both citizens of the United States of America, residing at Holyoke, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have jointly invented new and useful Improvements in Cotton-Spinning, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cotton spinning and specifically to an improvement whereby it is possible to provide a closer setting of the intermediate pair of drawing and feedrolls toward the front pair than has heretofore been possible; the drawing and feeding rolls, as is well known, comprising three pairs of'parallel rolls, the intermediate pair being adjustable toward and from the front pair for the purpose of adapting the mechanism to varying lengths of the cotton fiber.

The practically universal practice in this art is to' make the top drawing and feedrolls of cast iron of unlform weight and the bottom rolls of steel, the surface of the metal rolls not being affected by variations of the hygroscopic condition of the atmosphere, and in adjusting the intermediate rolls relativeto the front rolls the setting is determined by the length of the fiber. For

example, if the average length of the fiber is one inch, the ermediate rolls will be spaced from the front rolls at a distance as much less than one inch as is possible and still avoid cockling. Cockled yarn is produced by too close a setting, viz.,by moving the intermediate rolls too close to the front rolls, when under these conditions it will at times happen that the overlapping ends of the fibers composing the roving will be so firmly held between the intermediate rolls that the latter will not turn freely enough to perinit the fibers to pass through until the strain put 'upon the roving by the front rolls (one of each airof rolls is-positively rotated but the drlven one of the first pair has a greater peripheral speed than the others) will cause the roving to jump forward suddenly, permitting the twist accumulated during said slowing down 'of the intermediate rolls to run up into the roving and be released by the uneven down feed;

front and intermediate rolls, will be drawn down finer than if the movement of the roving were continuous; and this slowing down in the feed will result in the accumulation of twist between the-front rolls and the bobbin which, when the roving is released by the increase of the tension put upon-it by the front rolls, will run up into the. short length of roving just referred to, giving thereto a sufficiently abnormal twist to produce the cockle. It will be'found that the yarn will always break at the point of cock ling showing clearly that what has been described above is what invariably produces the cockling in the yarn. The only way to stop this cockling is to move the intermedi ate rolls back from the front rolls, but when .these rolls are moved back it frequently happens that not a suflicient number of the overlapping ends of the fibers composing the roving are held in the bite between the two intermediate rolls 'to permit an even draw of the fibers, and the result is that an uneven yarn will be produced. Thus the range within which the setting of the rolls can be made is very narrow and in all mills this gives a great deal of trouble and entails the most careful supervision to produce a good level yarn and one free from cockles. The range of adjustment is much greater, obviously, in long staple cotton than in the shorter staples, but the shorter staple is much cheaper and must be used in many classes of goods.

By means of the invention forming the subject matter of this application, as close a setting of the intermediate rolls to the front rolls as is rendered necessary by the length of the staple may be made, without producing any cockling of the yarn, the object of the invention being to provide means whereby as close a setting as is necessary to produce a level yarn may be made Without producing a cockled yarn whether the yarn is made of long or of short fiber.

The set of rollers embodying applicants invention is not confined to any particular type of spinning machine. The invention can be used in spinning frames or spinning mules, or in any machine where the difiiculties discussed will be overcome by applicants method.

In the drawings forming part of this application,Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing in side elevation the rear, intermediate, and front rolls of the drawing mechanism of the spinning frame. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a roving in which the distance between vertical dotted lines represents the average length of the fibers which compose the roving. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the intermediate top roll in its preferred form.

Referring to these drawings, a, Z), andr:

, indicates the three sets of drawing and feedrolls usually employed on spinning machines for spinning cotton and like fibers, a and Z) being adjustable toward and fromthe pair 0 for the purposes herein described, the

roving being indicated by d. This roving is given a very light twist, (only, in fact, sufficient to hold the fibers together,) and it is then fed through the rolls above described and down to the spindle, the drawing of the roving down to the proper size being effected by the more rapid revolution of the rolls 0 as compared with the other sets behind it.

" Referring now to Fig. 2, if we assume that the average length of the staple is indicated by the dotted lines 6 and f, it will be clear that if the rolls a and b be set up toward therolls 0 to a distance less than the distance between the lines 6 and f of Fig. 2, a greater number of overlapping ends of the fibers constituting the roving will be pinched in.

the bite of the rolls than if the rolls 1) were set.in the opposite direction an equal distance,.that is away from said rolls. When it is remembered that the objectof the top rolls of the pair I) is simply to put a sufficient weight on the roving to permit the more rapidly revolving rolls 0 to draw the fibers, constituting the rovin out to makea-thread or yarn which shalhbe of smaller diameter than if the rovin were twisted up without drawing, it is easily seen that if the weight of the roll b is not reduced in proportionas the rolls 1) are set up toward the rolls a, it will, in its adjustment toward the latter rolls, finally result in so binding the roving that the latter will not move forward steadily under the draft of the rolls a thereby, as stated above, permitting an accumulated twist to run back; butif, on the other hand, the weight of the top roll of the pair be varied in proportion to the length of fiber on which it is to operate, it becomes possible then to set this roll, or pair of rolls, much closer to the rolls 0 without producing any of the objectionable effects referred to above. A top middle roll of light weight, as compared to the other rolls, will enable a close setting of the middle pair of rolls relative to the front pair. It is not really necessary to change the weight of this roll, as different fiber is treated by the rolls. A slight adjustment toward or from the front rolls as the fiber is changed will cause therolls to operate efiicient-ly for wide ranges of fibers.

That We claim, is 1. A set of drawing and feed rolls for spinning machines comprising three pairs of parallel rolls, the top roll of each pair being made of the same material, the top roll of the middle pair being hollow to make it lighter, than the other rolls to ermit a close setting of the middle rolls wlth respect to the front rolls, without 'cockling the yarn.

2. A set of drawing and feed rolls for textile machines comprising a set of pairs of parallel rolls, each pair including a bottom and top roll, means to drive one pair of rolls at a greater peripheral speed than an adjacent pair to draw the roving therebetween, said two pairs of rolls being mounted with the distance between centers of the two top rolls and the distance between the centers of the two bottom rolls substantially equal, but with such distance considerably less than the average length of fiber in the roving being drawn, said top roll of the slower driven pair being made lighter than the top roll of the faster driven pair, thereby to prevent the binding action of the top roll of the slower driven pair on the fiber, for the purpose described.

3. A set of drawing and feed-rolls for textile machines comprising a set of pairs of parallel rolls, each pair including a bottom and top roll, means to drive one pair of rolls at a greater peripheral speed than an adjacent pair to draw the roving therebetween, said two pairs of rolls being mounted with the distance between the common tangent point, of one pair and the common tangent point of the second pair considerablyoless than the averagerlength of fiber in the roving being drawn, said top roll of the slower drlven pair being made ligl-iter than-the top roll of the faster driven pairto prevent the driven pair on the fiber, for the purpose described.

binding action of. the top rollof the slower 4. A set of drawing and feed rolls for textile machines comprising a set of pairs of parallel rolls, each pair including-a bottom' i andtop roll, means to drive one pair of rolls at a greater peripheral speed than an adjacent pair to draw the roving there-between, said two pairs of rolls being mounted with the distance between the common tangent roll of the slower driven pair on the fiber, point 0? one pair and the common tangent for the purpose described.

point 0 tie second )air considerably less than the average length of fiber in the rov- ARDS' 5 ing being drawn, said top roll of the slower driven pair being made hollow and thus Witnesses: lighter than the top roll of the faster driven K. I. CLEMoNs, pair to prevent the binding action of the top HARRY W. BOWEN. 

